Friday, February 5, 2016

Tughlaq -By Girish Karnad


Girish Karnad is a modern Indian playwright who draws the contours of contemporary realityupon the mythological canvas. Drawing the plots of his plays from Indian history, myths and legends, he presents them in such a way that they assume contemporary significance.At present, Girish Karnad has emerged as an ambassador of Indian culture to the world. A multifaceted personality, Karnad has been described in many ways. His multidimensional roles in the Indian theatre and screen world have endeared him among the Indian audiences and abroad.Tughlaq  First written in Kannada in 1964 & later translated into English. A Play in 13 Scenes

Karnad’s play Tughlaq is the first ‘New Drama’ in India in many ways. It was the first significant history play. It was during a conversation with Kirthinath Kurtkoti, the writer of the History of Kannada Literature, where Karnad made up his mind to write a history play. Kurtkoti complained that no Indian playwright could do with our history what Shakespeare did with the British history and Brecht did with the history of the West. The innovative treatment of history and striking contemporaneity of the play shot Karnad into fame. Critics found the play to be a commentary on the decay of politics from the days of Nehru to the present times. The purpose of this article is to probe the existentialism as reflected in the play. It is existentialism in Tughlaq which makes it modern. Existentialism is identified as a hallmark of the modern literature. The major concern of Karnad in exploring the history of Muhammad bin Tughlaq is a probe into his transformation from an idealist emperor, ‘who is not afraid to be human’ and invites people ‘to confide their worries in him’, into a ‘mad Muhammad’, and ‘the Lord of the skins. An analysis of his transformation brings out an illustration of an existentialist in him. Tughlaq shares this element with Camus’ Caligula, and Osborne’s Look Back in Anger, and Beckett’s Waiting for Godot.
                                              Depicts the struggle and spectacular failure of a personality who dreams of becoming an ideal ruler and establishing a utopia.A strong parallelism between the reign of Tughlaq and Nehru era in post-independent India.

Ethics
Ø Equality in Justice
v Giving land back to the Brahmin
v Stoning of his Step Mother
v Releasing Ain-ul-Mulk
v Releasing Aziz
      Play as :
·        Historical Play
·        Political Play
·        Religious Play
·        Comparison to Macbeth
·        Tughlaq’s Monologue
As regards the use of Irony in Tughlaq it begins to appear from the very beginning of the play. In the opening scene Muhammad’s proclamation, ‘”My beloved people, you . . . have seen for yourself how justice works in my kingdom – without any consideration of religion and creed” .The situation turns ironic when we learn that the winner against the king is not Vishnu Parasad but is Aziz disguised as Vishnu. This situation turns comic when Aziz mimicking a public announcer says, “Henceforth the people may file a suit against the Sultan for the misbehavior of his officers. . . .Justice will be done. His comments arouse laughter when he justifies his disguise before Aazim. Had he not disguised himself as a Brahmin “Then what would happen to king’s impartial justice? A Muslim plaintiff before a Muslim king. Where is the question of justice? Where is the equality between Hindus and Muslims?, he enquires Thus the disguise of Aziz ironically puts the who lad ministrative system of Muhammad upside down. His tall claims of justice and equality sound comic to the audience.





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